Karimov Alishan

The economic impact of differentiated networks in the hospitality industry

Pannon Egyetem

Gazdálkodás- és Szervezéstudományok Doktori Iskola

Gyurácz-Németh Petra

Kamann Dirk-Jan Ferdinand

társ

PhD

Background The hospitality industry consists of various types of service providers for accommodation: at the one hand hotels – either ‘independent single site’ establishments or ‘franchise and/or branch site’ establishments – and at the other hand apartments – either as ‘owner/landlord/host’ or as ‘absentee owner’ type. While we are aware this may be considered an oversimplification of the industry, the reason for this distinction is that we assume that each of these four types just mentioned has a different type of supply base, in particular in respect to its spatial dimension and the local embeddedness. This spatial aspect is of importance in both measuring the local impact – both positive and negative - of these different types of hospitality on the local economy and by doing so should enable the formulation of an optimal local tourism development policy. On the consumer side, we also make a distinction between hotel guests and apartment guests. Types of service providers Independent single site hotels are assumed to use local suppliers and are likely embedded in the local social network. The franchise hotels and those part of a chain are assumed to use more suppliers from other localities and are more likely to be managed in financial terms from outside the region. Also, their local social embeddedness could well be less pronounced and important. For the apartments, we assume at this stage that independent owner/landlord/host types are more rooted in the local network of suppliers, stakeholders and social interaction than the typical absentee landlord type, who uses AirBNB, Booking.com or Expedia for booking and has outsourced most activities related to welcoming, service, cleaning, marketing, finance, guarding and so on. Types of guests We hypothesize a difference in spending behaviour of guests and even income categories. While hotel guests usually have very small kitchen facilities so are more likely to spend their money on coffee, tea, lunch and dinner in local restaurants, apartment clients do have a kitchen and we hypothesize a different spending behavior. That may in fact lead to a network that typically caters for hotel guests – like restaurants, coffee bars - and one that typically caters for apartment renters – like retailers, small food shops and market places. The network and filière concepts When we mention networks, we start with the definition of Cook and Emerson (1978, p. 725) “sets of two or more connected exchange relations”. We follow Francois Perroux (1955) in that companies operate on a field in the abstract economic space where they meet other actors. We may think of Porter’s (1980, paragraph 5.1) competitors, suppliers, buyers, producers of potentially substituting products, producers of potentially substituting raw materials and/or technologies and new entrants. We could expand this list with actors related to local institutions (Molle, 1983a), social interactions and institutional actors like trade organisations and lobbies (Molle, 1983b), all in line with the so-called selection environment (Altmann and Bechtle, 1971; Mickler, 1976; Kamann 1988, 2003, p. 118) or task environment (Wheelen and Hunger, 1990). This train of thought is related to concepts like the Marshallian industrial district and can be found back in the concept of filière, as developed by the GREMI (Groupe de Recherche sur les Milieux Innovateurs)(Camagni, 1991; Ratti et al. 1997; Kamann and Strijker, 1991; Kamann, 1988, 2003). They make a distinction between four types of space: personal space, production space, market space and territorial space, with the strategic actors assembled into something called ‘support space’ (Kamann, 1988, 2003, p. 129). This filière concept originates from French and Swiss research and policies in the late 80s and was used for industrial policies in France, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Germany among other countries since. district and stands for a network consisting of both horizontal and vertical linkages between actors. Actors being both economic entitities and stakeholders. A filière has a production space for economic relations and a local. The filière concept acts as a guideline to visualize all the relevant linkages between actors, both horizontal and vertical, focusing rather on the strategic and tactical contents of the relations rather than the volume at this stage. However, at a later stage, the actors considered to be of strategic importance for the research question of the project, can be isolated for further interviews and surveys- Research goals 1. Developing a qualitative typology that differentiates between various types of networks or „filières” involved in providing hospitality services, in order to optimize effective and balanced tourism development policies. 2. In addition, the research aims to take quantitative measures of the impact of these various types of hospitality service on a local and regional economy, using micro based input/output analysis. Research goals 1. How does the network ("filiere") look like for hospitality service providers and do our observations support a typology of 4 different types? 2. Can input-out analysis be applied as a method for hotels and AirBnB-s? 3. What is the economic impact of each of the 4 types of hospitality service providers? Methodology: Setting up typologies – Qualitative part To set up the appropriate typologies described above, we propose a series of interviews with representatives of the categories mentioned: both hotels, apartment owners and customers. This should strengthen our hypotheses about our typologies and would lay out the basis for a survey among hotels and apartments and further interviews with the customer bases. The interviews are going to be semi structured and the selection of interviewees are going to be according to the following criteria: - Hotel general or operation manager currently or has several-year-experience and changed a career in the last five years - Hotel chain general or operation manager or has several-year-experience and changed career in the last five years - AirBNB owner, who operates the premise or premises - AirBNB operator who is not an owner - AirBnB owner, who is not involved in the operation Quantitative part Once the four types of filières in hospitality service providers and the two types for the customers are visualized and characterized, we continue with the quantitative part. While some questions relating to quantitative information may have and will be asked during the previous round, analysing this as input/output analysis is a specific trajectory. While most input/output analysis is done at a national level on sectoral data, we follow a micro based path, where micro date is used for filling the appropriate fields, instead of national data. This micro based approach was tested out in the early 90s (Kamann et al. 1992) and the project has invited a well-known international expert – Prof. Dr. Jan Oosterhaven - to act as advisor in the particular I/O part of the project. The subjects of the input-output analyses are going to be the local stakeholders (including local suppliers as well as the social effects) in the region which is chosen for the research. Usefulness for policies The outcome of the typologies already is useful for policy measures in the sense that regions may check on the existence of such filières, spot missing links of activities that may hinder further development. Or, may decide that certain types of hospitality providers should be stimulated or the opposite, should be regulated. Transfer to Azerbaijan Given the outcome of the previous section, it will be checked how to transfer this outcome into useful policies for Azerbaijan. This means a particular region has to be selected and information has to be collected, relevant for policy making. Local interviews should assist in formulating a relevant local policy. Novelty of the research Academia would definitely benefit from a fact based clear typology of hospitality providers, especially in terms of the networks involved. While this typology would be the result of qualitative research, the strength of this study is that the typology also is linked to quantitative analysis of the inter-relationships of the actors involved in each of the networks, or filières, using input/output analysis. While input/output analysis today certainly is not an innovation, we find most of these studies using data at a sectoral or meso level, or at a macro level. In most cases, data are used, provided by central statistics offices. These data are by definition anonymous and aggregated. Micro based input/output analyses, using micro based data provided by individual actors are rather rare. Most respondents are rather shy in giving full information when they are not sure of the confidentiality of the date use. Because of this, confidentiality will be a major aspect to communicate, and cooperation with relevant trade and professional organizations has been secured. Having secured the cooperation, this study will certainly add value to academia and be a novelty in its application of this useful technique at a micro based segmented network level. The novelty for the hospitality industry is definitely to involve hotels and AirBnB in a research using input-output analysis and make a distinction between the chain member and independent hotels as well as AirBnB owned and operated and only owned establishments from the economic impact point of view. Besides of course every part of the research is a novelty in the region in Azerbaijan. Publications The project envisages that the candidate involves will participate on international platforms, such as the Input/Output Association, the European Regional Science Association (ERSA) and the International Purchasing and Supply Management Education and Research Association (IPSERA). In the third year of the project, conference papers and workshop papers are expected and in the fourth year, journal publications are envisaged in Q1 level Journals. Relevant publications supervisors Kamann, D.J.F. (1978), Economic Impact Study of a Proposed Industrial Site at Keenaghan, Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim, I.D.A. Commissioned study, Dublin: An Foras Forbartha. Kamann, D.J.F. (1986b), Towards a technology based industrial policy for the Republic of Ireland, Irish Journal for Environmental Science, 4, 1, pp. 1 11 Kamann, D.J.F. and D. Strijker (1991), Network analysis: concepts and applications; in R. Camagni (ed) Network analysis and innovation, Belhaven (Pinter), pp. 145 173. Kamann, D.J.F., H.P. Krolis and P. van der Laak (1992), Economische groei en milieu-impact: de Zeeuwse Kanaalzone (Economic growth and environmental impact: the case of the Canal zone in Dutch Flanders; impact study developing micro based input/output analysis), in Milieu. Kamann, D.J.F. (1998), Modelling Networks: A Long Way to Go, in Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, , 89 (3): 279-297. Kamann, D.J.F., D. Strijker and F. Sijtsma (1998), Reverse network modeling: a policy approach, in Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 89 (3): 310-319. Kamann, D.J.F. & D. Strijker (2006), Reverse Network Engineering, in M. Giaoutzi & P. Nijkamp (eds), New Ways of Developing Tourism, Aldershot: Avebury Kamann, D.J.F. (1987), Network Dynamics of Economic Activities: the Spatial Impact, in R. Funck and J. Oosterhaven (eds), Problems of Regional Underemployment, Karlsruhe: Von Loepe Verlag. Kamann, D.J.F. (1991), The Distribution of Dominance in Networks and its Spatial Implications, in E.M. Bergman, G. Maier and F. Tödtling, (eds.) Technology, innovation and local development, London: Mansell, pp. 29 52. Kamann, D.J.F. and D. Strijker (1991), Network analysis: concepts and applications; in R. Camagni (ed) Network analysis and innovation, Belhaven (Pinter), pp. 145 173. Kamann, D.J.F. (1993b), Strategy and Networks, in P. Beye, J. Groene¬wegen and O. Neuys, Networking in Dutch Industries, SISWO-publication, Apeldoorn: Garant, pp. 117-164. Kamann, D.J.F. (1997), Policies for dynamic innovative networks in innovative milieux, in R. Ratti, A. Bramanti and R Gordon (eds.), The Dynamics of Innovative Regions, GREMI publication, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 367-391. Kamann, D.J.F. (1997), Policies to create innovative networks, in C. Capineri & P. Rietveld (eds.), Networks in Transport and Communications: A Policy Approach, NECTAR publication, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 135-151. Kamann, D.J.F. (1998), The Triple Plus methodology, in A. Halinen-Kaila & Niina Nummela (eds.) Proceedings of the IMP Conference, Turku, Finland, September, Volume 3, pp 61-86. Kamann, D.J.F., D. Strijker & F. Sijtsma (1998), A reverse engineering network perspective for developing tourism using a lifestyle approach, in A. Halinen-Kaila & Niina Nummela (eds.) Proceedings of the IMP Conference, Turku, Finland, September, Volume 1: Selected Competitive Papers, pp. 379-400. Kamann, D.J.F. (1998), Research on Industry Dynamics Analyzed from a Network Perspective, in A.G. Woodside (ed.) Advances in Business Marketing and Purchasing, Vol. 8 (Handbook for Industrial Marketing Research); Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press. Kamann, D.J.F. & D. Strijker (2006), Reverse Network Engineering, in M. Giaoutzi & P. Nijkamp (eds), New Ways of Developing Tourism, Aldershot: Avebury Gyurácz-Németh, Petra: Measuring and analysing standardisation in the Hungarian hotel sector Tourism & Management Studies, 14 : 1 pp. 17-24. , 8 p. (2018) Gyurácz-Németh Petra: Vendégelégedettség Kőszegen In: Miszlivetz Ferenc (szerk.) Kisvárosok reneszánsza: A kőszegi példa. 462 p. Szombathely; Kőszeg: Savaria University Press, 2016. pp. 391-416. (iAS KRAFT könyvek sorozat) (ISBN:978-615-80529-0-0) Gyurácz-Németh Petra: THE ROLE OF PROCESS STANDARDISATION AND CUSTOMISATION IN HOTEL MANAGEMENT, PANNON MANAGEMENT REVIEW 4:(1) pp. 79-109. (2015) Gyurácz-Németh Petra: Service Delivery Standardisation and Customisation in the Hungarian Hotels = A szolgáltatási folyamat sztenderdizálása és testreszabása a magyar szállodákban, 191 p. Doktori Iskola: Gazdálkodás- és Szervezéstudományok DI. Témavezető: Kovács Zoltán Benyújtás éve: 2014. Védés éve: 2015. Megjelenés/Fokozatszerzés éve: 2015. Gyurácz-Németh Petra: A szállodalánc tagság és a standardizáltság szintjének vizsgálata a hazai szállodákban, TAYLOR: GAZDÁLKODÁS- ÉS SZERVEZÉSTUDOMÁNYI FOLYÓIRAT: A VIRTUÁLIS INTÉZET KÖZÉP-EURÓPA KUTATÁSÁRA KÖZLEMÉNYEI 1-2: pp. 347-354. (2015) Komlósi Edit, Gyurácz-Németh Petra: STANDARDISED AND CUSTOMISED KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN HUNGARIAN HOTELS, TOURISMOS 9:(1) pp. 307-319. (2014) Relevant conference papers supervisors: Kamann, D.J.F. (1985), Innovation, Industrial Organization, Networks and Employment, Paper presented at the 25th European Congress of the RSA, Budapest, Hungary, August. Kamann, D.J.F. (1986a), Spatial Dimensions of Networks, Paper presented at the IIASA conference on Technology and Employment, Laxenburg, Austria. Kamann, D.J.F. (1986b), Network Dynamics as Locational Determinant, Invited Paper, presented at the RSA Summer School, CERUM, Umeå, Sweden, June. Kamann, D.J.F. (1990), Further improvements in theory and methodology of network analysis, Invited Paper, presented at the GREMI meeting in Neûchatel, November. Kamann, D.J.F. (1993), Strategy and networks, Paper for the EMOT-ESF conference on networks, Berlin, September. Kamann, D.J.F. and D. Strijker (1993), Network thinking, Paper GREMI workshop Ascona, Switzerland, October. Kamann, D.J.F. (1995), Networking in peripheral regions, Paper presented at the NECTAR workshop in Syros, Greece, 22-25 September. Kamann, D.J.F., Strijker, D. and Sijtsma, F. (1997), A network perspective for developing tourism using a lifestyle approach, Paper presented at the European Conference on Tourism, Telecommunication and Regional Development, Samos (Greece), 25-27 October. Kamann, D.J.F. (1998), The Triple Plus methodology, Paper, presented at the IMP conference, Turku, September. Kamann, D.J.F., D. Strijker & F. Sijtsma (1998), A reverse engineering network perspective for developing tourism using a lifestyle approach, Paper presented at the IMP Conference, Turku, Finland, September. Kamann, D.J.F. (1999), The Triple Plus methodology, Invited Paper, CRIPSP, Bath, 6th May Kamann, D.J.F. & B.J. Jurna (2003), Supply Base Genesis in a Greenfield Situation, Paper, presented at the 12th IPSERA Meeting in Budapest, April. Kamann, D.J.F. (2006), Network Dynamics, Human Behaviour and the Use of Infrastructure, Paper, presented at the Cluster 1 NECTAR Workshop in Menton (France), October. Kamann, D.J.F. (2007), Network Dynamics & Human Behaviour, Paper, presented at the IPSERA Conference, Bath, April. Karasek, E., H. van der Veen & D.J.F. Kamann (1996), Networks and Systems thinking: Enemies or friends?, Paper, presented at the IMP Conference, Karlsruhe, September. Karásek, É.H. and D.J.F. Kamann (1996), The Transition in Networks: The Case of Agricultural Cooperatives in Slovakia, Paper, presented at the North American RSA Meeting, Washinghton (D.C.), November Gyurácz-Németh Petra: Global/local competitiveness in case of ACCOR Hotels, In: Vlasic G, Krupka Z, Pavicic J (szerk.), Global Business Conference 2013 Proceedings: Socially Responsible Business and Global/local Competitiveness. 8 p., Konferencia helye, ideje: Opatija, Horvátország, 2013.10.02-2013.10.05. Zagreb: Innovation Institute, pp. 85-92. Komlósi Edit, Gyurácz-Németh Petra, Dhir Krishna: Standardization and Customization for Performance Assessment and Measurement in the Hungarian Hotel Industry, In: Performance Measurement Innovation TTRA Europe Conference Proceeding. Konferencia helye, ideje: Bilbao, Spanyolország, 2012.04.18-2012.04.20. Paper 17. Gyurácz-Németh Petra, Clarke Alan: The New Concept of Standardisation and Customisation in Hotels, In: Vlasic G, Pavicic J, Wittine Z (szerk.), Proceedings of the 2011 Global Business Conference. Konferencia helye, ideje: Sibenik, Horvátország, 2011.09.21-2011.09.24. Sibenik: Innovation Institute, 2011. pp. 212-218.

2020-09-01

2025-01-01

fokozatot szerzett

The economic impact of differentiated networks in the hospitality industry

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOCAL EMBEDDEDNESS IN HOTEL AND AIRBNB CATEGORIES IN TWO HUNGARIAN TOURISM REGIONS

2025-10-17 10:00