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A kutatási téma leírása:
The main goal of the research is the elaboration of a multi-objective weight and cost optimization method of a newly constructed composite sandwich structure which consists of two laminated composite face-sheets and lightweight core. The aim of the research is to find the optimal geometry, material and property of both the core and the face-sheet structural elements for given applications [1].
Due to the several advantages of the advanced composite materials (e.g. low weight, high strength, high bending stiffness, good vibration damping, etc.) these structures can be widely used in those applications where weight saving is the primary design aim, for example the structural elements of road, air and water transport vehicles; building constructions in the architectural industry, etc. This research field is very up-to-date and complex, mainly due to the high number of the parameters which determine the sandwich structure's behavior. The research will deal with the below mentioned aspects.
2. Construction and materials of the newly designed composite sandwich structure
2.1. Core structural element
Due to modern manufacturing technology, new cores can be designed and developed to fulfill certain functional requirements for special applications. We will investigate the following core structures: 1.) honeycomb core, 2.) truss/lattice structure core, and 3.) auxetic core [2-3].
2.2. Face-sheet structural element
The final composite sandwich structure is the assembly of a core and two face-sheets. The material of the laminated face-sheet is fiber reinforced plastic (FRP). The face-sheets can be composed of different number of layers with cross-ply, angle-ply, and multidirectional fiber orientations. Furthermore, different combinations of the materials (fibers and matrices) can be also investigated to obtain the optimal structure for special industrial applications [3].
3. Method of the research – Multi-objective weight and cost structural optimisation
The optimal structure and materials of the core and the face-sheets have to be determined based on analytical, numerical, and neural network models. In our research two objective functions will be applied which are the weight and the cost. During the optimization several design constraints can be considered: deflection; face sheet stress (bending load and end loading); stiffness; buckling; core shear stress; skin wrinkling; intracell buckling; shear crimping, etc. The optimisation can be achieved using e.g. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHD) method, Gaussian Process Metamodel (GPM) or Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithm (PSO)[4-5].
4. Detailed methodology of the research
4.1. Analytical modelling
During the analytical modelling the traditional theories and models for design of sandwich structures will be used. The Voigt rule, the Reuss rule and Classical Laminated Theory (CLT) are the main approaches for analysing the laminated composite face-sheets [6-7].
4.2. Numerical simulation
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based computational approach will be used for detailed analyses and investigating the composite sandwich structures [8-9]. Our scope is including establish numerical models considering material properties, structural geometry, loading conditions, etc. There are several software available to solve this task e.g. Abqus cae [10], Digimat and Ansys software applications.
4.3. Neural network modelling
The neural network is being used as a computational approach that learns to simulate and solve engineering problems. The required data for training neural network can be derived from numerical simulations result. The neural network model can be used to predict the behaviour of sandwich structure with low computational cost and time [11]. The most common used algorithms that can be applied during the modelling are BFGS Quasi-Newton, Resilient Backpropagation, and Levenberg-Marquardt [12].
4.4. Experimental tests
Experimental tests will be achieved to validate the FEA and neural network results. There are several tests available relating to the sandwich structures such as four point bending test, tensile test, climbing drum peel test, vibration test, etc.[13].
5. The scheduling of the research
► Analytical modelling of the properties of the different types of cores and face-sheets.
► Elaboration of the optimisation method (objective functions, design constraints). Structural optimisation by the application of different optimisation algorithms.
► Finite Element Analysis of the composite sandwich structure.
► Establishment of new empirical models using regression, machine learning, and neural network techniques to predict different sandwich panels with low computational cost.
► Experimental tests for the validation.
6. References
[1] Z. Petrović and I. Lazarević, “Design and analysis of the flat honeycomb sandwich structures,” Sci. Tech. Rev., 2016. vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 50–56,
[2] Z. Petrović and I. Lazarević, “Design and analysis of the flat honeycomb sandwich structures,” Sci. Tech. Rev., 2015. vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 50–56,
[3] H. Fang, H. Shi, Y. Wang, Y. Qi, and W. Liu, “Experimental and Theoretical Study of Sandwich Panels with Steel Facesheets and GFRP Core,” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2016. vol. 2016
[4] M. G. De Giorgi, A. Ficarella, and M. Quarta, “Dynamic performance simulation and control of an aeroengine by using NARX models,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019., vol. 304, p3005.
[5] L. F. dos Santos Souza, D. Vandepitte, V. Tita, and R. de Medeiros, “Dynamic response of laminated composites using design of experiments: An experimental and numerical study,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 2019. vol. 115, pp. 82–101.
[6] Y. Zhang, Y. Yang, W. Du, and Q. Han, “Research on finite element model modification of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminated structures based on correlation analysis and an approximate model,” Materials, 2019. vol. 12, no. 16, pp 2623
[7] E. J. Barbero, Composite materials - Finite element analysis of composite materials using Abaqus. 2013. CRC Press
[8] Y. J. Wong, S. K. Arumugasamy, and K. B. Mustapha, “Development of a computational predictive model for the nonlinear in-plane compressive response of sandwich panels with bio-foam,” Compos. Struct., 2018. vol. 212, pp. 423–433.
[9] Y. Wang, W. Zhao, G. Zhou, and C. Wang, “Analysis and parametric optimization of a novel sandwich panel with double-V auxetic structure core under air blast loading,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2018. vol. 142–143, pp. 245–254,
[10] F. Tarlochan, “Sandwich Structures for Energy Absorption Applications: A Review,” Materials, 2021. vol. 14, no. 16, p. 4731–4750,
[11] A. Catapano and M. Montemurro, “A multi-scale approach for the optimum design of sandwich plates with honeycomb core. Part I: Homogenisation of core properties,” Compos. Struct., 2014. vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 664–676,
[12] M. Gholami, R. A. Alashti, and A. Fathi, “Optimal design of a honeycomb core composite sandwich panel using evolutionary optimization algorithms,” Compos. Struct., 2016. vol. 139, pp. 254–262,
[13] Hexcel Composites Publication No. LTU035b, Mechanical Testing of Sandwich Panels, Technical Notes, 2007. Available online: https://www.hexcel.com/user_area/content_media/raw/SandwichPanels_global.pdf.
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